Immunology is the study of the body's immune system and its functions and disorders. Serology is the study of blood serum. This is the clear fluid that separates when blood clots.

Immunology and serology labs focus on:

• Finding antibodies: Proteins made by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens).
• Studying immune problems: Includes autoimmune diseases (when the body attacks itself) and immunodeficiency disorders (underactive immune system).
• Compatibility testing: Checking organ, tissue, and fluid compatibility for transplantation to reduce donor rejection risk.